The List of Wildlife Species at Risk currently has more than 800 entries for Canadian wild life species considered vulnerable; including 363 classified as

endangered species An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inv ...

, —190

threatened species Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of ''critical depensa ...

, —235 special concern, and 22 extirpated (no longer found in the wild). About 65 percent of Canada’s resident species are considered "Secure". More than 30 wildlife species have become extinct in the wild since the arrival of European settlers. The

Government of Canada The government of Canada (french: gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada. A constitutional monarchy, the Crown is the corporation sole, assuming distinct roles: the executive, as the ''Crown ...

maintains a list of all

plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclud ...

and

animal Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motilit ...

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

, or designatable units (DUs) thereof, federally recognized as special concern,

threatened Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of ''critical depensat ...

endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ...

extirpated Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinct ...

, and

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

in Canada under Schedule I of the

Species at Risk Act The ''Species at Risk Act'' (SARA) (the ''Act'') is a piece of Canadian federal legislation which became law in Canada on December 12, 2002. It is designed to meet one of Canada's key commitments under the International Convention on Biological D ...

(SARA).

SARA Schedule

Species listed on SARA Schedule I receive federal legal protections under the Act, including the protection of individuals, populations, and their habitat from harm. Listing on Schedule I of the act also mandates the formation of a species recovery team and strategy. The addition of species or DUs to Schedule I is done annually by the

Minister of the Environment An environment minister (sometimes minister of the environment or secretary of the environment) is a cabinet position charged with protecting the natural environment and promoting wildlife conservation. The areas associated with the duties of an ...

, based on formal assessment recommendations by the

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC, French: Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada, COSEPAC) is an independent committee of wildlife experts and scientists whose "raison d'être is to identify s ...

(COSEWIC), an independent committee of wildlife experts and scientists. COSEWIC assessments and

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ...

designations by themselves are not to be confused with actual Schedule I listings as both of the former have no formal legal status in Canada.

Mammals

Extirpated mammals

* '' Eschrichtius robustus'' (Atlantic population) — grey whale * ''

Mustela nigripes The black-footed ferret (''Mustela nigripes''), also known as the American polecatHeptner, V. G. (Vladimir Georgievich); Nasimovich, A. A; Bannikov, Andrei Grigorovich; Hoffmann, Robert S. (2001)''Mammals of the Soviet Union''Volume: v. 2, pt. 1 ...

'' — black-footed ferret * '' Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus'' (Northwest Atlantic population) — Atlantic walrus

Endangered mammals

* ''

Balaenoptera borealis ''Balaenoptera'' () is a genus of rorquals containing eight extant species. ''Balaenoptera'' comprises all but two of the extant species in its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two aforemen ...

'' (Pacific population) — sei whale * ''

Balaenoptera musculus ''Balaenoptera'' () is a genus of rorquals containing eight extant species. ''Balaenoptera'' comprises all but two of the extant species in its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two afore ...

'' (Atlantic population) — blue whale * ''

'' (Pacific population) — blue whale * ''

Dipodomys ordii Ord's kangaroo rat (''Dipodomys ordii'') is a kangaroo rat native to western North America, specifically the Great Plains and the Great Basin, with its range extending from extreme southern Canada to central Mexico. Ord's kangaroo rat has a fift ...

'' — Ord's kangaroo rat * ''

Eubalaena glacialis Right whales are three species of large baleen whales of the genus ''Eubalaena'': the North Atlantic right whale (''E. glacialis''), the North Pacific right whale (''E. japonica'') and the Southern right whale (''E. australis''). They are class ...

'' — North Atlantic right whale * ''

Eubalaena japonica Right whales are three species of large baleen whales of the genus ''Eubalaena'': the North Atlantic right whale (''E. glacialis''), the North Pacific right whale (''E. japonica'') and the Southern right whale (''E. australis''). They are class ...

'' — North Pacific right whale * ''

Gulo gulo The wolverine (), (''Gulo gulo''; ''Gulo'' is Latin for "gluttony, glutton"), also referred to as the glutton, carcajou, or quickhatch (from East Cree, ''kwiihkwahaacheew''), is the largest land-dwelling species of the family Mustelidae. It is ...

'' (eastern population) — wolverine * ''

Hyperoodon ampullatus The northern bottlenose whale (''Hyperoodon ampullatus'') is a species of beaked whale in the ziphiid family, being one of two members of the genus ''Hyperoodon''. The northern bottlenose whale was hunted heavily by Norway and Britain in the 19 ...

'' (

Scotian Shelf The Scotian Shelf is a geological formation, part of the Continental shelf, located southwest of Nova Scotia, Canada. It covers an area of , is long and ranges in width from . It has an average depth of . The Scotian Shelf contains the ecological ...

population) — northern bottlenose whale * ''

Marmota vancouverensis The Vancouver Island marmot (''Marmota vancouverensis'') naturally occurs only in the high mountains of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia. This particular marmot species is large compared to some other marmots, and most other rodents. Marmots ...

'' — Vancouver Island marmot * '' Martes americana atrata'' (Newfoundland population) — American marten * ''

Orcinus orca The orca or killer whale (''Orcinus orca'') is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Orcinus'' and is recognizable by its black-and-white pat ...

'' (Northeast Pacific southern resident population) — killer whale * '' Rangifer tarandus caribou'' (Atlantic–Gaspésie population) — woodland caribou * '' Scapanus townsendii'' — Townsend's mole * '' Sorex bendirii'' — Pacific water shrew * '' Taxidea taxus jacksoni'' — American badger, ''jacksoni'' subspecies * '' Taxidea taxus jeffersonii'' — American badger, ''jeffersonii'' subspecies * ''

Vulpes velox The swift fox (''Vulpes velox'') is a small light orange-tan fox around the size of a domestic cat found in the western grasslands of North America, such as Montana, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. It also lives in southern Ma ...

'' — swift fox

Threatened mammals

* '' Antrozous pallidus'' — pallid bat * ''

Balaenoptera physalus ''Balaenoptera'' () is a genus of rorquals containing eight extant species. ''Balaenoptera'' comprises all but two of the extant species in its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two aforemen ...

'' (Pacific population) — fin whale * ''

Bison bison athabascae The wood bison (''Bison bison athabascae'') or mountain bison (often called the wood buffalo or mountain buffalo), is a distinct northern subspecies or ecotype of the American bison. Its original range included much of the boreal forest regions ...

'' — wood bison * ''

Enhydra lutris The sea otter (''Enhydra lutris'') is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Adult sea otters typically weigh between , making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the smal ...

'' — sea otter * '' Delphinapterus leucas'' (St. Lawrence Estuary population) — beluga whale * '' Mustela haidarum'' — Haida ermine * ''

Megaptera novaeangliae The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The humpb ...

'' (North Pacific population) — humpback whale * ''

'' (Northeast Pacific transient population) — killer whale * ''

'' (Northeast Pacific northern resident population) — killer whale * '' Rangifer tarandus caribou'' (boreal population) — woodland caribou * '' Rangifer tarandus caribou'' (southern mountain population) — woodland caribou * ''

Urocyon cinereoargenteus The gray fox (''Urocyon cinereoargenteus''), or grey fox, is an omnivorous mammal of the family Canidae, widespread throughout North America and Central America. This species and its only congener, the diminutive island fox (''Urocyon littora ...

'' — grey fox

Mammals of special concern

* ''

Balaena mysticetus ''Balaena'' is a genus of cetacean (whale) in the family Balaenidae. ''Balaena'' is considered a monotypic genus, as it has only a single extant species, the bowhead whale (''B. mysticetus''). It was named in 1758 by Linnaeus, who at the time con ...

'' (Bering–Chukchi–Beaufort population) — bowhead whale * ''

'' (Atlantic population) — fin whale * '' Canis lycaon'' — eastern wolf * ''

'' — sea otter * ''

Cynomys ludovicianus The black-tailed prairie dog (''Cynomys ludovicianus'') is a rodent of the family Sciuridae found in the Great Plains of North America from about the United States-Canada border to the United States-Mexico border. Unlike some other prairie dogs, ...

'' — black-tailed prairie dog * '' Eschrichtius robustus'' (eastern North Pacific population) — grey whale * ''

Euderma maculatum The spotted bat (''Euderma maculatum'') is a species of vesper bat and the only species of the genus ''Euderma''. Description The spotted bat was first described by zoologist Joel Asaph Allen from the American Museum of Natural History in 1891. ...

'' — spotted bat * '' Eumetopias jubatus'' — Steller sea lion * ''

Microtus pinetorum The woodland vole (''Microtus pinetorum'') is a small vole found in eastern North America. It is also known as the pine vole. Characteristics The woodland vole has a head and body length ranging between with a short tail. Its weight ranges be ...

'' — woodland vole * ''

'' (Northeast Pacific offshore population) — killer whale * ''

Phocoena phocoena The harbour porpoise (''Phocoena phocoena'') is one of eight extant species of porpoise. It is one of the smallest species of cetacean. As its name implies, it stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries, and as such, is the most familia ...

'' (Pacific Ocean population) — harbour porpoise * '' Rangifer tarandus caribou'' (northern mountain population) — woodland caribou * ''

Scalopus aquaticus The Eastern Mole or Common Mole (''Scalopus aquaticus'') is a medium-sized North American mole. It is the only member of genus ''Scalopus''. It is found in forested and open areas with moist sandy soils in northern Mexico, the eastern Unite ...

'' — eastern mole * '' Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttallii'' — Nuttall's cottontail, ''nuttallii'' subspecies * ''

Ursus maritimus The polar bear (''Ursus maritimus'') is a hypercarnivorous bear whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle, encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses. It is the largest extant bear spec ...

'' — polar bear

Birds

Extirpated birds

*''

Tympanuchus cupido The greater prairie chicken or pinnated grouse (''Tympanuchus cupido''), sometimes called a boomer,Friederici, Peter (July 20, 1989)"The Last Prairie Chickens" ''Chicago Reader''. Retrieved August 27, 2014.（Chinese 中文：帕艺明彩大凤� ...

'' — greater prairie-chicken

Endangered birds

* '' Ammodramus henslowii'' — Henslow's sparrow * '' Athene cunicularia'' — burrowing owl * '' Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus'' — greater sage-grouse, ''urophasianus'' subspecies * '' Charadrius melodus circumcinctus'' — piping plover, ''circumcinctus'' subspecies * '' Charadrius melodus melodus'' — piping plover, ''melodus'' subspecies * '' Charadrius montanus'' — mountain plover * ''

Colinus virginianus The northern bobwhite (''Colinus virginianus''), also known as the Virginia quail or (in its home range) bobwhite quail, is a ground-dwelling bird native to Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Cuba, with introduced populations elsewhere in th ...

'' — northern bobwhite * '' Dendroica kirtlandii'' — Kirtland's warbler * ''

Empidonax virescens The Acadian flycatcher (''Empidonax virescens'') is a small insect-eating bird of the tyrant flycatcher family. Description Adults have olive upperparts, darker on the wings and tail, with whitish underparts; they have a white eye ring, white ...

'' — Acadian flycatcher * '' Eremophila alpestris strigata'' — horned lark, ''strigata'' subspecies * '' Grus americana'' — whooping crane * '' Icteria virens auricollis'' (British Columbia population) — yellow-breasted chat, ''auricollis'' subspecies * '' Lanius ludovicianus migrans'' — loggerhead shrike, ''migrans'' subspecies * '' Loxia curvirostra percna'' — red crossbill, ''percna'' subspecies * ''

Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei Screech owls are typical owls (Strigidae) belonging to the genus ''Megascops'' with 23 living species. For most of the 20th century, this genus was merged with the Old World scops owls in ''Otus'', but nowadays it is again considered separat ...

'' — western screech-owl, ''macfarlanei'' subspecies * '' Numenius borealis'' — Eskimo curlew * '' Oreoscoptes montanus'' — sage thrasher * '' Picoides albolarvatus'' — white-headed woodpecker * '' Pooecetes gramineus affinis'' — vesper sparrow, ''affinis'' subspecies * '' Protonotaria citrea'' — prothonotary warbler * '' Rallus elegans'' — king rail * '' Sphyrapicus thyroideus'' — Williamson's sapsucker * '' Sterna dougallii'' — roseate tern * ''

Strix occidentalis caurina The northern spotted owl (''Strix occidentalis caurina'') is one of three spotted owl subspecies. A western North American bird in the family Strigidae, genus ''Strix (genus), Strix'', it is a medium-sized dark brown owl native to the Pacific No ...

'' — spotted owl, ''caurina'' subspecies * ''

Tyto alba The barn owl (''Tyto alba'') is the most widely distributed species of owl in the world and one of the most widespread of all species of birds, being found almost everywhere except for the polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalay ...

'' (eastern population) — barn owl

Threatened birds

* '' Accipiter gentilis laingi'' — northern goshawk, ''laingi'' subspecies * '' Aegolius acadicus brooksi'' — northern saw-whet owl, ''brooksi'' subspecies * '' Anthus spragueii'' — Sprague's pipit * '' Brachyramphus marmoratus'' — marbled murrelet * '' Falco peregrinus anatum'' — peregrine falcon, ''anatum'' subspecies * '' Ixobrychus exilis'' — least bittern * '' Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides'' — loggerhead shrike, ''excubitorides'' subspecies * '' Phoebastria albatrus'' — short-tailed albatross * '' Puffinus creatopus'' — pink-footed shearwater *''

Riparia riparia The sand martin (''Riparia riparia''), also known as the bank swallow (in the Americas), collared sand martin, or common sand martin, is a migratory passerine bird in the swallow family. It has a wide range in summer, embracing practically the w ...

'' - Bank Swallow * '' Rhodostethia rosea'' — Ross' gull * '' Vermivora chrysoptera'' — golden-winged warbler * '' Wilsonia citrina'' — hooded warbler

Birds of special concern

* '' Bucephala islandica'' (eastern population) — Barrow's goldeneye * '' Coturnicops noveboracensis'' — yellow rail * '' Dendroica cerulea'' — cerulean warbler * '' Falco peregrinus pealei'' — peregrine falcon, ''pealei'' subspecies * '' Histrionicus histrionicus'' (eastern population) — harlequin duck * '' Icteria virens virens'' — yellow-breasted chat, ''virens'' subspecies * '' Megascops kennicottii kennicottii'' — western screech-owl, ''kennicottii'' subspecies * '' Melanerpes lewis'' — Lewis' woodpecker * '' Numenius americanus'' — long-billed curlew * '' Otus flammeolus'' — flammulated owl * '' Pagophila eburnea'' — ivory gull * '' Passerculus sandwichensis princeps'' — Savannah sparrow, ''princeps'' subspecies * '' Rhynchophanes mccownii'' — thick-billed longspur * '' Seiurus motacilla'' — Louisiana waterthrush * '' Synthliboramphus antiquus'' — ancient murrelet * ''

'' (western population) — barn owl

Reptiles

Extirpated reptiles

* ''

Actinemys marmorata The Western pond turtle (''Actinemys marmorata''), also known commonly as the Pacific pond turtle is a species of small to medium-sized turtle in the family Emydidae. The species is endemic to the western coast of the United States and Mexico, ...

'' — Pacific pond turtle * ''

Crotalus horridus The timber rattlesnake, canebrake rattlesnake, or banded rattlesnake (''Crotalus horridus'') Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of ...

'' — timber rattlesnake * ''

Phrynosoma douglasii The pygmy short-horned lizard (''Phrynosoma douglasii'') is a species of small horned lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. The species is native to the northwestern United States and adjacent southwestern Canada. Like other horned lizards, it is ...

'' — pygmy short-horned lizard * ''

Pituophis catenifer catenifer ''Pituophis'' is a genus of nonvenomous colubrid snakes, commonly referred to as gopher snakes, pine snakes, and bullsnakes, which are endemic to North America. Geographic range Species and subspecies within the genus ''Pituophis'' are found th ...

'' — Pacific gophersnake

Endangered reptiles

* ''

Chrysemys picta bellii The painted turtle (''Chrysemys picta'') is the most widespread native turtle of North America. It lives in slow-moving fresh waters, from southern Canada to northern Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They have been shown to prefer l ...

'' (Pacific Coast population) — western painted turtle * ''

Clemmys guttata The spotted turtle (''Clemmys guttata''), the only species of the genus ''Clemmys'', is a small, semi-aquatic turtle that reaches a carapace length of upon adulthood. Their broad, smooth, low dark-colored upper shell, or carapace, ranges in it ...

'' — spotted turtle * '' Coluber constrictor foxii'' — blue racer * ''

Contia tenuis The sharp-tailed snake or sharptail snake (''Contia tenuis'') is a small species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the Western United States and British Columbia. Common names Additional common names for ''C. tenuis ...

'' — sharp-tailed snake * ''

Dermochelys coriacea The leatherback sea turtle (''Dermochelys coriacea''), sometimes called the lute turtle or leathery turtle or simply the luth, is the largest of all living turtles and the heaviest non-crocodilian reptile, reaching lengths of up to and weights ...

'' — leatherback seaturtle * ''

Emydoidea blandingii Blanding's turtle (''Emydoidea blandingii'') is a semi-aquatic turtle of the family Emydidae. This species is native to central and eastern parts of Canada and the United States. It is considered to be an endangered species throughout much of its ...

'' (Nova Scotia population) — Blanding's turtle * ''

Eumeces septentrionalis The prairie skink (''Plestiodon septentrionalis'') is a species of skink endemic to the prairies east of the Rocky Mountains in North America. It is one of only seven species of lizards that occur in Canada. Taxonomy The prairie skink was first ...

'' — prairie skink * ''

Hypsiglena torquata The night snake (''Hypsiglena torquata'') is a species of rear-fanged colubrid. It is found from British Columbia, Canada through the western United States to Mexico. Subspecies previously recognized within ''H. torquata'' *'' Hypsiglena torqu ...

'' — nightsnake

Threatened reptiles

* ''

Apalone spinifera The spiny softshell turtle (''Apalone spinifera'') is a species of softshell turtle, one of the largest freshwater turtle species in North America. Both the common name, spiny softshell, and the specific name, ''spinifera'' (spine-bearing), r ...

'' — spiny softshell * ''

Coluber constrictor flaviventris ''Coluber constrictor flaviventris'', commonly known as the eastern yellow-bellied racer, is a subspecies of the eastern racer, non-venomous colubrid snake. It is endemic to North America. Description The eastern yellow-bellied racer is a th ...

'' — eastern yellow-bellied racer * ''

Crotalus oreganus ''Crotalus oreganus'', commonly known as the (northern) Pacific rattlesnake, Wright AH, Wright AA. 1957. Handbook of Snakes. Comstock Publishing Associates. (7th printing, 1985). 1105 pp. . is a venomous pit viper species found in western North A ...

'' — western rattlesnake * '' Elaphe gloydi'' — eastern foxsnake * '' Elaphe spiloides'' — grey ratsnake * ''

'' (Great Lakes / St. Lawrence population) — Blanding's turtle * ''

Heterodon platirhinos The eastern hog-nosed snake (''Heterodon platirhinos''), also known as the spreading adder Wright, A.H., and A.A. Wright (1957). ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada''. (in 2 volumes). Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Assoc ...

'' — eastern hog-nosed snake * ''

Pituophis catenifer deserticola ''Pituophis catenifer deserticola'', commonly known by its standardized English name since the 1950s, the Great Basin gophersnake,Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert. 1956. ''Common names for North Amer ...

'' — Great Basin gophersnake * '' Regina septemvittata'' — queen snake * ''

Sistrurus catenatus The massasauga (''Sistrurus catenatus'') is a rattlesnake species found in midwestern North America from southern Ontario to northern Mexico and parts of the United States in between. Like all rattlesnakes, it is a pit viper and is venomous. Th ...

'' — massasauga * ''

Sternotherus odoratus ''Sternotherus odoratus'' is a species of small turtle in the family Kinosternidae. The species is native to southeastern Canada and much of the Eastern United States. It is also known commonly as the common musk turtle, eastern musk turtle, or ...

'' — stinkpot * '' Thamnophis butleri'' — Butler's gartersnake * '' Thamnophis sauritus'' (Atlantic population) — eastern ribbonsnake

Reptiles of special concern

* ''

Charina bottae The rubber boa (''Charina bottae'') is a species of snake in the family Boidae and is native to North America. It is sometimes known as the coastal rubber boa or the northern rubber boa and is not to be confused with the southern rubber boa (''Ch ...

'' — rubber boa * ''

'' (intermountain–Rocky Mountain population) — western painted turtle * ''

Coluber constrictor mormon The western yellow-bellied racer (''Coluber constrictor mormon''),Wrobel, Murray (2004). ''Elsevier's Dictionary of Reptiles''. Elsevier. Page 122. . also known as the western yellowbelly racer or western racer, is a snake subspecies endemic to t ...

'' — western yellow-bellied racer * ''

Eumeces skiltonianus The western skink ''(Plestiodon skiltonianus)'' is a species of small, smooth- scaled lizard with relatively small limbs. It measures about 100 to 210 mm (about 4 to 8.25 inches) in total length (body + tail). It is one of seven species of l ...

'' — western skink * ''

Graptemys geographica The northern map turtle (''Graptemys geographica''), also known as the common map turtle, is an aquatic turtle in the Family (biology), family Emydidae. It is Endemism, endemic to North America. Description The northern map turtle gets both it ...

'' — northern map turtle * ''

Lampropeltis triangulum The milk snake or milksnake (''Lampropeltis triangulum''), is a species of kingsnake; 24 subspecies are currently recognized. ''Lampropeltis elapsoides'', the scarlet kingsnake, was formerly classified as a 25th subspecies (''L. t. elapsoides'') ...

'' — milksnake * '' Thamnophis sauritus'' (Great Lakes population) — eastern ribbonsnake

Amphibians

Extirpated amphibians

* ''

Ambystoma tigrinum The tiger salamander (''Ambystoma tigrinum'') is a species of mole salamander and one of the largest terrestrial salamanders in North America. Description These salamanders usually grow to a length of with a lifespan of around 12–15 years. ...

'' (Great Lakes population) — tiger salamander

Endangered amphibians

* '' Acris crepitans'' — northern cricket frog * ''

Ambystoma texanum The small-mouth salamander (''Ambystoma texanum'') is a species of mole salamander found in the central United States, from the Great Lakes region in Michigan to Nebraska, south to Texas, and east to Tennessee, with a population in Canada, in Pe ...

'' — small-mouthed salamander * ''

'' (southern mountain population) — tiger salamander * '' Ascaphus montanus'' — Rocky Mountain tailed frog * '' Rana pipiens'' (southern mountain population) — northern leopard frog * ''

Rana pretiosa The Oregon spotted frog (''Rana pretiosa'', meaning "precious frog") is a member of the frog family Ranidae of order Anura. It is a medium-sized aquatic frog endemic to the Pacific Northwest and historically well distributed in the Puget Trough/ ...

'' — Oregon spotted frog

Threatened amphibians

* ''

Ambystoma jeffersonianum The Jefferson salamander (''Ambystoma jeffersonianum'') is a mole salamander native to the northeastern United States, southern and central Ontario, and southwestern Quebec. It was named after Jefferson College in Pennsylvania. It is typically ...

'' — Jefferson salamander * '' Bufo fowleri'' — Fowler's toad * ''

Desmognathus ochrophaeus ''Desmognathus'' is a genus of lungless salamanders in the family Plethodontidae known as dusky salamanders. They range from Texas to the eastern United States and to south-eastern Canada. Characteristics Species of the genus ''Desmognathus'' ...

'' — Allegheny Mountain dusky salamander * ''

Dicamptodon tenebrosus The coastal giant salamander (''Dicamptodon tenebrosus'') is a species of salamander in the family Dicamptodontidae (Pacific giant salamanders). It is endemic to the Pacific Northwest of North America. There are three closely related species to ...

'' — coastal giant salamander * ''

Spea intermontana The Great Basin spadefoot (''Spea intermontana'') is an amphibian in the family Scaphiopodidae. It is 3.8 to 6.3 cm long and is usually colored gray, olive or brown. Great Basin spadefoot toads have adapted to life in dry habitats. They use ...

'' — Great Basin spadefoot

Amphibians of special concern

* ''

Ascaphus truei The tailed frogs are two species of frogs in the genus ''Ascaphus'', the only taxon in the family Ascaphidae . The "tail" in the name is actually an extension of the male cloaca. The tail is one of two distinctive anatomical features adapting th ...

'' — coast tailed frog * '' Bufo boreas'' — western toad * ''

Bufo cognatus The Great Plains toad, ''Anaxyrus cognatus'', is a relatively large species of true toad native to central North America. Distribution The amphibian is native throughout the Canadian Prairies (northern Great Plains) in southern Alberta, Manitoba ...

'' — Great Plains toad * '' Gyrinophilus porphyriticus'' — spring salamander * '' Plethodon idahoensis'' — Coeur d'Alene salamander * ''

Rana aurora The northern red-legged frog (''Rana aurora'') is a species of amphibian, whose range is the coastal region stretching from southwest British Columbia to southern Mendocino County in Northern California, and is protected in Oregon and Californ ...

'' — red-legged frog * '' Rana pipiens'' (western boreal/prairie populations) — northern leopard frog

Fish

Extirpated fish

* ''

Erimystax x-punctatus The gravel chub, also known as the spotted chub (''Erimystax x-punctatus''), is a freshwater minnow from the family Cyprinidae. This species of fish has a spotted distribution inhabiting various small rivers and streams in North America. The grav ...

'' — gravel chub * ''

Polyodon spathula The American paddlefish (''Polyodon spathula,'' also known as a Mississippi paddlefish, spoon-billed cat, or spoonbill) is a species of ray-finned fish. It is the only living species of paddlefish (Polyodontidae). This family is most closely r ...

'' — paddlefish

Endangered fish

* ''

Acipenser transmontanus White sturgeon (''Acipenser transmontanus'') is a species of sturgeon in the family Acipenseridae of the order Acipenseriformes. They are an anadromous fish species ranging in the Eastern Pacific; from the Gulf of Alaska to Monterey, California. ...

'' — white sturgeon * ''Catostomus catostomus'' subsp. — Salish sucker * ''

Coregonus huntsmani The Atlantic whitefish (''Coregonus huntsmani'') is a coregonine fish inhabiting some freshwater lakes within Nova Scotia, Canada. It is known to survive only in the Petite Rivière watershed as landlocked populations. Earlier it was also foun ...

'' — Atlantic whitefish * '' Coregonus reighardi'' — shortnose cisco * ''Gasterosteus'' sp. — benthic Enos Lake stickleback * ''Gasterosteus'' sp. — benthic Paxton Lake stickleback * ''Gasterosteus'' sp. — benthic Vananda Creek stickleback * ''Gasterosteus'' sp. — limnetic Enos Lake stickleback * ''Gasterosteus'' sp. — limnetic Paxton Lake stickleback * ''Gasterosteus'' sp. — limnetic Vananda Creek stickleback * '' Lampetra richardsoni var. marifuga'' — Morrison Creek lamprey * ''

Moxostoma hubbsi The copper redhorse (''Moxostoma hubbsi'') is a North American species of freshwater fish in the family Catostomidae. It is found only in Canada. Its extremely small range, which is restricted to a few rivers in the lowlands of southwestern Que ...

'' — copper redhorse * '' Notropis anogenus'' — pugnose shiner * '' Noturus stigmosus'' — northern madtom * ''Rhinichthys cataractae'' subsp. — Nooksack dace * ''

Salmo salar The Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the third largest of the Salmonidae, behind Siberian taimen and Pacific Chinook salmon, growing up to a meter in length. Atlantic salmon are ...

'' (Inner Bay of Fundy populations) — Atlantic salmon * '' Salvelinus fontinalis timagamiensis'' — aurora trout

Threatened fish

* '' Ammocrypta pellucida'' — eastern sand darter * ''

Anarhichas denticulatus ''Anarhichas'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Anarhichadidae, the wolffishes or sea wolves. These fishes are found in the northern North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. Taxonomy ''Anarhichas'' was first propos ...

'' — northern wolffish * ''

Anarhichas minor ''Anarhichas minor'', the spotted wolffish, spotted sea cat or leopardfish, is a large marine fish of the family Anarhichadidae. This bottom-dwelling species is found across the North Atlantic and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean from north of ...

'' — spotted wolffish * '' Cottus confusus'' — shorthead sculpin * ''Cottus'' sp. — Cultus pygmy sculpin * ''Cottus'' sp. (St. Mary and Milk River populations) — eastslope sculpin * '' Erimyzon sucetta'' — lake chubsucker * ''

Hybognathus argyritis The western silvery minnow (''Hybognathus argyritis'') is a freshwater fish native to North America where it is found in the Missouri River basin, the Mississippi River drainage from the mouth of the Missouri River to the mouth of Ohio River, ...

'' — western silvery minnow * '' Lampetra macrostoma'' — Vancouver lamprey * ''

Lepisosteus oculatus The spotted gar (''Lepisosteus oculatus'') is a freshwater fish native to North America that has an abundance of dark spots on its head, fins, and dart-like body. Spotted gar have an elongated mouth with many needle-like teeth to catch other fi ...

'' — spotted gar * '' Notropis percobromus'' — carmine shiner * '' Osmerus spectrum'' — Lake Utopia dwarf smelt * ''

Percina copelandi The channel darter (''Percina copelandi'') is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, a darter from the subfamily Etheostomatinae, part of the family Percidae, which also contains the perches, ruffes and pikeperches. It is native to North Amer ...

'' — channel darterm

Fish of special concern

* ''

Acipenser medirostris The green sturgeon (''Acipenser medirostris'') is a species of sturgeon native to the northern Pacific Ocean, from China and Russia to Canada and the United States. Description Sturgeons are among the largest and most ancient of ray fin ...

'' — green sturgeon * ''

Anarhichas lupus Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. Commo ...

'' — Atlantic wolffish * '' Coregonus kiyi kiyi'' — Upper Great Lakes kiyi * ''

Cottus hubbsi The Columbia sculpin (''Cottus hubbsi'') is a species of fish in the family Cottidae. It is found in the United States and Canada, inhabiting the Columbia River drainage and Harney Basin in Oregon, British Columbia, Idaho, Washington, and Nevada ...

'' — Columbia sculpin * '' Esox americanus vermiculatus'' — grass pickerel * '' Fundulus diaphanus'' (Newfoundland population) — banded killifish * ''

Fundulus notatus The blackstripe topminnow, ''Fundulus notatus'', is a small freshwater fish in the family Fundulidae, found in central North America. Distribution The blackstripe topminnow is found in Canada along a roughly 60 kilometre stretch of Ontario's Sy ...

'' — blackstripe topminnow * '' Lepomis gulosus'' — warmouth * ''

Macrhybopsis storeriana The silver chub (''Macrhybopsis storeriana'') is a species of freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae found in North America. Description The maximum size of a silver chub is 231mm (9.09 in) in total length.Gilbert, C. R. 1980. Silver chu ...

'' — silver chub * '' Minytrema melanops'' — spotted sucker * ''

Moxostoma carinatum The river redhorse (''Moxostoma carinatum'') is a species of freshwater fish endemic to the eastern half of the United States and southeastern Canada. They can range from 10 to 30 inches in length and can potentially reach a weight of more than ...

'' — river redhorse * '' Myoxocephalus thompsonii'' (Great Lakes–Western St. Lawrence populations) — deepwater sculpin * '' Notropis bifrenatus'' — bridle shiner * '' Opsopoeodus emiliae'' — pugnose minnow

Arthropods

Extirpated arthropods

* '' Callophrys (Incisalia) irus'' — frosted elfin * ''

Euchloe ausonides ''Euchloe ausonides'', the large marble or creamy marblewing, is a species of butterfly that occurs in western North America. It lays eggs on the terminal flower buds of a variety of plants in the mustard family, including introduced Eurasian spe ...

'' — island marble * '' Plebejus melissa samuelis'' — Karner blue

Endangered arthropods

* ''

Apodemia mormo ''Apodemia mormo'' (Mormon metalmark) is a principally Nearctic butterfly in the family Riodinidae. It is a particularly fascinating species for ecological and evolutionary research, as evidenced by its shifting taxonomic classifications. Confl ...

'' (southern mountain population) — Mormon metalmark * ''

Bombus affinis ''Bombus affinis'', commonly known as the rusty patched bumble bee, is a species of bumblebee endemic to North America. Its historical range in North America has been throughout the east and upper Midwest of the United States, north to Ontario, ...

'' - rusty-patched bumble bee * ''

Bombus bohemicus ''Bombus bohemicus'', also known as the gypsy's cuckoo bumblebee, is a species of socially parasitic cuckoo bumblebee found in most of Europe with the exception of the southern Iberian Peninsula and Iceland. ''B. bohemicus'' practices inquilinis ...

'' - gypsy cuckoo bumble bee * '' Brychius hungerfordi'' - Hungerford's crawling water beetle * '' Cicindela patruela'' - Northern Barrens tiger beetle * '' Coenonympha nipisiquit'' — maritime ringlet * '' Copablepharon fuscum'' — sand-verbena moth * ''

Erynnis persius persius ''Erynnis persius'', the Persius duskywing, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae that occurs in North America. It is a threatened species in Michigan and is protected by law. The subspecies ''Erynnis persius persius'' is listed as endangered ...

'' — eastern Persius duskywing * ''

Erynnis martialis ''Erynnis martialis'', the mottled duskywing, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in most of the eastern United States and in southern Ontario, and southeastern Manitoba.COSEWIC. 2012COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on th ...

'' - mottled duskywing * '' Euphydryas editha taylori'' — Taylor's checkerspot * ''Gomphus ventricosus'' - skillet clubtail * ''Hemileuca'' sp. - bogbean buckmoth * ''

Hesperia ottoe ''Hesperia ottoe'', the Ottoe skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in the central U.S. but has been recorded in Canada only in a small area of southern Manitoba.Papaipema aweme'' — Aweme borer * '' Icaricia saepiolus insulanus'' — island blue * '' Prodoxus quinquepunctellus'' — five-spotted bogus yucca moth * ''

Satyrium semiluna ''Satyrium semiluna'', known generally as the sagebrush sooty hairstreak or half-moon hairstreak, is a species of hairstreak in the butterfly family Lycaenidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for ''Satyrium semiluna'' is ...

'' — half-moon hairstreak * ''

Schinia avemensis ''Schinia avemensis'', the gold-edged gem, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1904. It is found in only three colonies in the southern prairie provinces of Canada, the Spirit Dunes at ...

'' — gold-edged gem * '' Schinia bimatris'' — white flower moth * ''

Somatochlora hineana The Hine’s emerald (''Somatochlora hineana'') is an endangered dragonfly species found in the United States and Canada. Populations exist in Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Ontario, and Wisconsin. Larvae are found in shallow, flowing water in fen ...

'' - Hine's emerald * ''Stylurus amnicola'' - riverine clubtail * ''Stylurus laurae'' - Laura's clubtail * ''Stylurus olivaceus'' - olive clubtail * ''

Tegeticula corruptrix ''Tegeticula corruptrix'' is a moth of the family Prodoxidae. It is found in North America in south-western California, Arizona, New Mexico, northern Coahuila, western and southern Texas, Colorado, Alberta, the western plains of Nebraska, Wyomin ...

'' — non-pollinating yucca moth * ''

Tegeticula yuccasella ''Tegeticula yuccasella'', the yucca moth, is a moth of the family Prodoxidae. The species was first described by Charles Valentine Riley in 1872. It can be found in North America from Texas to southern Canada. The wingspan is 18–27 mm. ...

'' — yucca moth

Threatened arthropods

* ''

'' (prairie population) — Mormon metalmark * ''

Euphyes vestris ''Euphyes vestris'', the dun skipper, sedge witch or dun sedge skipper, is a species of butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in North America from Nova Scotia west across southern Canada to southern Alberta, south to Florida, the Gul ...

'' (western population) — dun skipper * ''

Hesperia dacotae ''Hesperia dacotae'', the Dakota skipper, is a small to medium-sized North American butterfly. It has a wingspan of approximately one inch and the antennae form a hook. The male's wings are a tawny-orange to brown on the forewings with a prominen ...

'' — Dakota skipper * '' Oarisma poweshiek'' — Poweshiek skipperling * '' Satyrium behrii columbia'' — Behr's hairstreak, ''columbia'' subspecies

Arthropods of special concern

* ''

Danaus plexippus The monarch butterfly or simply monarch (''Danaus plexippus'') is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae. Other common names, depending on region, include milkweed, common tiger, wanderer, and black-veined brown. It ...

'' — monarch * ''

Limenitis weidemeyerii ''Limenitis weidemeyerii'', or Weidemeyer's admiral, is a butterfly from the subfamily Nymphalinae, found in western North America. Distribution ''Limenitis weidemeyerii'' is found in western Canada, the northern Great Plains (an outlying po ...

'' — Weidemeyer's admiral * ''

Polites sonora ''Polites sonora'', the Sonoran skipper or western long dash,

'' — Sonora skipper

Molluscs

Extirpated molluscs

* ''

Alasmidonta heterodon The dwarf wedgemussel (''Alasmidonta heterodon'') is an endangered species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Distribution and conservation status This is a rare species found solely ...

'' — dwarf wedgemussel * '' Cryptomastix devia'' — Puget Oregonian snail

Endangered molluscs

* '' Allogona townsendiana'' — Oregon forestsnail * '' Epioblasma torulosa rangiana'' — northern riffleshell * ''

Epioblasma triquetra ''Epioblasma triquetra'', common name the snuffbox mussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, a mollusk in the family Unionidae. It is native to eastern North America, where it is a listed as an endangered species in both Canada and the United St ...

'' — snuffbox * '' Haliotis kamtschatkana'' — northern abalone * ''

Lampsilis fasciola ''Lampsilis fasciola'', the wavy-rayed lampmussel, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Appearance and description The wavy-rayed lampmussel is a relatively small mussel ...

'' — wavy-rayed lampmussel * ''

Obovaria subrotunda ''Obovaria subrotunda'', common name the round hickorynut, is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Distribution and conservation status This species is native to eastern No ...

'' — round hickorynut * '' Physella johnsoni'' — Banff Springs snail * '' Physella wrighti'' — hotwater physa * '' Pleurobema sintoxia'' — round pigtoe * '' Prophysaon coelureum'' — blue-grey taildropper slug * ''

Ptychobranchus fasciolaris ''Ptychobranchus fasciolaris'' is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. Its common name is kidneyshell. Distribution and conservation status This species is native to eastern North America, where its range ...

'' — kidneyshell * '' Simpsonaias ambigua'' — mudpuppy mussel * '' Villosa fabalis'' — rayed bean

Threatened molluscs

* '' Hemphillia dromedarius'' — dromedary jumping-slug

Molluscs of special concern

* '' Gonidea angulata'' — Rocky Mountain ridged mussel * '' Lampsilis cariosa'' — yellow lampmussel * ''Nearctula'' sp. — threaded vertigo * '' Ostrea conchaphila'' — Olympia oyster

Vascular plants

Extirpated vascular plants

* '' Collinsia verna'' — spring blue-eyed mary * '' Desmodium illinoense'' — Illinois tick-trefoil

Endangered vascular plants

* '' Abronia umbellata'' — pink sand-verbena * '' Actaea elata'' — tall bugbane * ''

Adiantum capillus-veneris ''Adiantum capillus-veneris'', the Southern maidenhair fern, black maidenhair fern, maidenhair fern, and venus hair fern, is a species of ferns in the genus ''Adiantum'' and the family Pteridaceae with a subcosmopolitan worldwide distribution. I ...

'' — southern maidenhair fern * '' Agalinis aspera'' — rough agalinis * ''

Agalinis gattingeri ''Agalinis gattingeri'', the roundstem false foxglove, is an annual hemiparasitic forb measuring between 10.5 and 60.5 cm in height. Description ''Agalinis gattingeri'' is an annual species with upright, slender, round stems which are hai ...

'' — Gattinger's agalinis * ''

Agalinis skinneriana ''Agalinis skinneriana'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common names Skinner's gerardia, Skinner's false foxglove and pale false foxglove. It is native to North America, where it occurs in Ontario south ...

'' — Skinner's agalinis * '' Ammannia robusta'' — scarlet ammannia * '' Antennaria flagellaris'' — stoloniferous pussytoes * '' Aristida basiramea'' — forked three-awned grass * ''

balsamorhiza deltoidea ''Balsamorhiza deltoidea'' is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower tribe of the plant family Asteraceae known by the common name deltoid balsamroot. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California, where it gro ...

'' — deltoid balsamroot * ''

Betula lenta ''Betula lenta'' (sweet birch, also known as black birch, cherry birch, mahogany birch, or spice birch) is a species of birch native to eastern North America, from southern Maine west to southernmost Ontario, and south in the Appalachian Mounta ...

'' — cherry birch * '' Braya longii'' — Long's braya * '' Buchnera americana'' — bluehearts * '' Camissonia contorta'' — contorted-pod evening-primrose * '' Carex lupuliformis'' — false hop sedge * ''

Carex juniperorum ''Carex juniperorum'', the juniper sedge, is a perennial flowering plant native to North America, first described by botanist William J. Crins in 1993. ''C. juniperorum'' is in the ''Cyperaceae'' (sedge) family, and is closely related to '' C ...

'' — juniper sedge * ''

Castanea dentata The American chestnut (''Castanea dentata'') is a large, fast-growing deciduous tree of the beech family native to eastern North America. As is true of all species in genus Castanea, the American chestnut produces burred fruit with edible nuts. ...

'' — American chestnut * ''

Castilleja levisecta ''Castilleja levisecta'' is a rare species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common name golden paintbrush, or golden Indian paintbrush, listed under the Endangered Species Act in 1997. It is native to British Columbia a ...

'' — golden paintbrush * '' Chimaphila maculata'' — spotted wintergreen * ''

Cirsium pitcheri ''Cirsium pitcheri'', sometimes called Pitcher's thistle or dune thistle, is a species of thistle native to sand dune shorelines along the upper Great Lakes. It is native to Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Ontario. It is listed by t ...

'' — Pitcher's thistle * '' Collomia tenella'' — slender collomia * '' Coreopsis rosea'' — pink coreopsis * ''

Cryptantha minima ''Cryptantha minima'', common names little cryptantha, little catseye or small cryptantha, is a small, herbaceous annual of the family Boraginaceae. It is found in the semi-arid grasslands and intermontane basins of central North America from Al ...

'' — tiny cryptanthe * ''

Cypripedium candidum ''Cypripedium candidum'', known as the small white lady's slipper or white lady's slipper, is a rare orchid of the genus ''Cypripedium''. It is native to eastern North America across the northern United States and southern Canada. Distribution ' ...

'' — small white lady's-slipper * ''

Drosera filiformis ''Drosera filiformis'', commonly known as the thread-leaved sundew, is a small, insectivorous, rosette-forming species of perennial herb. A species of sundew, it is unusual within its genus in that the long, erect, filiform (thread-like) leave ...

'' — thread-leaved sundew * ''

Eleocharis equisetoides ''Eleocharis equisetoides'', with common names including horsetail spike-rush, jointed spike-rush, spikesedge, and knotted spike-rush, is a plant species native to the United States and Ontario, usually in freshwater wetland areas. It is known pr ...

'' — horsetail spike-rush * '' Epilobium densiflorum'' — dense spike-primrose * '' Epilobium torreyi'' — brook spike-primrose * '' Frasera caroliniensis'' — American columbo * ''

Gentiana alba ''Gentiana alba'' (called plain, pale, white, cream, or yellow gentian) is a herbaceous species of flowering plant in the Gentian family Gentianaceae, producing yellowish-white colored flowers from thick white taproots. It is native to North Am ...

'' — white prairie gentian * ''

Geum peckii ''Geum peckii'' is a species of herbaceous, perennial flowering plant in the rose family known by the common name mountain avens. It is native to eastern North America, where it is known from only two locations, the White Mountains of New Hamps ...

'' — eastern mountain avens * ''

Isoetes engelmannii ''Isoetes engelmannii'' is a species of aquatic plant in the family Isoetaceae. It is referred to by the common names Engelmann's quillwort or Appalachian quillwort (not to be confused with the newly described ''Isoetes appalachiana''), and is th ...

'' — Engelmann's quillwort * '' Isotria medeoloides'' — small whorled pogonia * '' Isotria verticillata'' — large whorled pogonia * ''

Juglans cinerea ''Juglans cinerea'', commonly known as butternut or white walnut,Snow, Charles Henry ''The Principal Species of Wood: Their Characteristic Properties'' 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1908. p. 56. is a species of walnut native to the e ...

'' — butternut * '' Juncus kelloggii'' — Kellogg's rush * '' Lespedeza virginica'' — slender bush-clover * '' Liparis liliifolia'' — purple twayblade * '' Lipocarpha micrantha'' — small-flowered lipocarpha * '' Lotus formosissimus'' — seaside bird's-foot lotus * '' Lotus pinnatus'' — bog bird's-foot trefoil * ''

Lupinus densiflorus ''Lupinus microcarpus'', the wide-bannered lupine or chick lupine, is a species of lupine native to western North America from southwestern British Columbia south through Oregon and California, including the Mojave Desert, and into Baja Califo ...

'' — dense-flowered lupine * ''Lupinus lepidus'' var. ''lepidus'' — prairie lupine * ''

Lupinus rivularis ''Lupinus rivularis'' is a species of lupine known by the common name riverbank lupine native to North America. It is also commonly known as river lupine, streambank lupine, and stream lupine.Darris, D.; Young-Mathews, A. Plant Fact Sheet for Ri ...

'' — streambank lupine * ''

Magnolia acuminata ''Magnolia acuminata'', commonly called the cucumber tree (often spelled as a single word "cucumbertree"), cucumber magnolia or blue magnolia, is one of the largest magnolias, and one of the cold-hardiest. It is a large forest tree of the Easte ...

'' — cucumber tree * '' Meconella oregana'' — white meconella * '' Microseris bigelovii'' — coast microseris * '' Minuartia pusilla'' — dwarf sandwort * ''

Morus rubra ''Morus rubra'', commonly known as the red mulberry, is a species of mulberry native to eastern and central North America. It is found from Ontario, Minnesota, and Vermont south to southern Florida, and west as far as southeastern South Dakota, ...

'' — red mulberry * ''

Opuntia humifusa ''Opuntia humifusa'', commonly known as the devil's-tongue, Eastern prickly pear or Indian fig, is a cactus of the genus ''Opuntia'' present in parts of the eastern United States. Description As is the case in other ''Opuntia'' species, the gr ...

'' — eastern prickly pear cactus * ''

Orthocarpus barbatus ''Orthocarpus'', or owl's-clover, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae (broomrapes). They are native to North America. A number of species formerly included in ''Orthocarpus'' have been transferred to the genus ''Castilleja ...

'' — Grand Coulee owl-clover * ''

Orthocarpus bracteosus ''Orthocarpus bracteosus'' is a species of flowering plant in the broomrape family known by the common name rosy owl's-clover. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in moist mountain h ...

'' — rosy owl-clover * ''

Panax quinquefolius American ginseng (''Panax quinquefolius'') is a herbaceous perennial plant in the ivy family, commonly used as an herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It is native to eastern North America, though it is also cultivated in China. Since the 18th ...

'' — American ginseng * ''

Pedicularis furbishiae ''Pedicularis furbishiae'', or Furbish's lousewort, is a perennial herb found only on the shores of the upper Saint John River in Maine and New Brunswick. Furbish's lousewort was first recognized as a new species by Maine naturalist and botanic ...

'' — Furbish's lousewort * '' Phacelia ramosissima'' — branched phacelia * ''

Plantago cordata ''Plantago cordata'' is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name heartleaf plantain. It is native to eastern North America, where it is distributed throughout eastern Canada and the eastern United States. Thou ...

'' — heart-leaved plantain * ''

Platanthera leucophaea ''Platanthera leucophaea'', commonly known as the prairie white fringed orchid or eastern prairie fringed orchid, is a rare species of orchid native to North America. It is listed as a threatened species in the United States on September 28, 19 ...

'' — eastern prairie fringed-orchid * ''

Platanthera praeclara ''Platanthera praeclara'', known as the western prairie fringed orchid and the Great Plains white fringed orchid, is a rare and threatened species of orchid native to North America. Distribution Historically, ''Platanthera praeclara'' was found ...

'' — western prairie fringed-orchid * '' Polygala incarnata'' — pink milkwort * '' Psilocarphus brevissimus'' (southern mountain population) — dwarf woolly-heads * '' Psilocarphus elatior'' — tall woolly-heads * '' Pycnanthemum incanum'' — hoary mountain-mint * ''Ranunculus alismifolius'' var. ''alismifolius'' — water-plantain buttercup * '' Rotala ramosior'' — toothcup * '' Salix jejuna'' — barrens willow * '' Sanicula arctopoides'' — bear's-foot sanicle * '' Silene scouleri grandis'' — coastal Scouler's catchfly * '' Silene spaldingii'' — Spalding's campion * ''

Solidago speciosa ''Solidago speciosa'', the showy goldenrod, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It grows in the province of Ontario in central Canada, as well as in the eastern and central United States (from the Atlantic c ...

'' — showy goldenrod * '' Stylophorum diphyllum'' — wood-poppy * '' Symphyotrichum frondosum'' — short-rayed alkali aster * '' Tephrosia virginiana'' — Virginia goat's-rue * '' Tonella tenella'' — small-flowered tonella * ''

Trichophorum planifolium ''Trichophorum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. Plants in this genus are known as deergrasses in Britain but are sometimes known as bulrushes in North America. It contains the following species: * '' Trichophorum ...

'' — bashful bulrush * ''

Trillium flexipes ''Trillium flexipes'', known as the nodding wakerobin, bent trillium, or drooping trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found from Minnesota to Ohio, south to Tennessee, with isolated (and sometimes rare) po ...

'' — drooping trillium * '' Triphora trianthophora'' — nodding pogonia * '' Triphysaria versicolor versicolor'' — bearded owl-clover * '' Tripterocalyx micranthus'' — small-flowered sand-verbena * '' Triteleia howellii'' — Howell's triteleia * ''

Viola pedata ''Viola pedata'', the birdsfoot violet, bird's-foot violet, or mountain pansy, is a violet native to sandy areas in central and eastern North America. Varieties Two primary color forms exist, ''Viola pedata'' var. ''lineariloba'' ("concolor"), ...

'' — bird's-foot violet * '' Woodsia obtusa'' — blunt-lobed woodsia

Threatened vascular plants

* '' Aletris farinosa'' — colicroot * ''

Azolla mexicana ''Azolla mexicana'', the Mexican mosquito fern, is an aquatic fern native to Mexico, British Columbia and the western United States (California, Oregon, Washington, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and Nevada). There are reports of the species ...

'' — Mexican mosquito-fern * '' Bartonia paniculata paniculata'' — branched bartonia * '' Braya fernaldii'' — Fernald's braya * '' Buchloe dactyloides'' — buffalograss * '' Calochortus lyallii'' — Lyall's mariposa lily * ''

Camassia scilloides ''Camassia scilloides'' is a perennial herb known commonly as Atlantic camas, wild hyacinth,

'' — wild hyacinth * '' Carex sabulosa'' — Baikal sedge * '' Castilleja rupicola'' — cliff paintbrush * ''

Celtis tenuifolia ''Celtis tenuifolia'', the dwarf hackberry or Georgia hackberry is a shrub or small tree . It is native to eastern North America but is very uncommon north of the Ohio River. In Canada, dwarf hackberry is designated as threatened and protected ...

'' — dwarf hackberry * ''

Cephalanthera austiniae ''Cephalanthera austiniae'' is a species of orchid known as the phantom orchid and snow orchid because the entire plant is white except for a few yellow markings on the flowers. The orchid is native to the western United States (California, Oreg ...

'' — phantom orchid * ''

Chenopodium subglabrum ''Chenopodium'' is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classifica ...

'' — smooth goosefoot * '' Cirsium hillii'' — Hill's thistle * '' Corydalis scouleri'' — Scouler's corydalis * ''Dalea villosa'' var. ''villosa'' — hairy prairie-clover * '' Eleocharis tuberculosa'' — tubercled spike-rush * '' Enemion biternatum'' — false rue-anemone * ''

Eurybia divaricata ''Eurybia divaricata'' (syn. ''Aster divaricatus''), the white wood aster, is an herbaceous plant native to eastern North America. It occurs in the eastern United States, primarily in the Appalachian Mountains, though it is also present in southe ...

'' — white wood aster * ''Gentianopsis virgata'' subsp. ''victorinii'' — Victorin's gentian * ''

Gymnocladus dioicus The Kentucky coffeetree (''Gymnocladus dioicus''), also known as American coffee berry, Kentucky mahogany, nicker tree, and stump tree, is a tree in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the legume family Fabaceae, native to the Midwest, Upper South, ...

'' — Kentucky coffee-tree * '' Halimolobos virgata'' — slender mouse-ear-cress * ''

Hydrastis canadensis ''For the magazine from West Virginia see Goldenseal (magazine)'' Goldenseal (''Hydrastis canadensis''), also called orangeroot or yellow puccoon, is a perennial herb in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to North America. It may be di ...

'' — goldenseal * ''

Hydrocotyle umbellata ''Hydrocotyle umbellata'' is an aquatic plant that thrives in wet, sandy habitat. Its English common name is manyflower marshpennywort or dollarweed. It is native to North America and parts of South America. In Brazil it is known as acariçoba a ...

'' — water-pennywort * '' Hymenoxys herbacea'' — lakeside daisy * ''

Iris lacustris ''Iris lacustris'', the dwarf lake iris, is a plant species in the genus ''Iris'', subgenus '' Limniris'' and in the section ''Lophiris'' (crested irises). It is a rhizomatous, beardless perennial plant, native to the Great Lakes region of easte ...

'' — dwarf lake iris * '' Iris missouriensis'' — western blue flag * ''

Isoetes bolanderi ''Isoetes bolanderi'', or Bolander's quillwort, is a species of quillwort, a type of lycophyte. This aquatic plant is native to high altitude regions of the western United States and southern Alberta. It grows almost entirely underwater in lakes ...

'' — Bolander's quillwort * ''

Justicia americana ''Justicia americana'', the American water-willow, is a herbaceous, aquatic flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae native to North America. It is the hardiest species in the genus '' Justicia'', the other members of which being largely tropic ...

'' — American water-willow * '' Lachananthes caroliniana'' — redroot * ''

Liatris spicata ''Liatris spicata'', the dense blazing star or prairie feather, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to eastern North America where it grows in moist prairies and sedge meadows. The plants have tall ...

'' — dense blazing star * ''

Limnanthes macounii ''Limnanthes macounii'' (Macoun's meadowfoam) is an endangered meadowfoam. It is a narrow endemic of south-western British Columbia, Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the ...

'' — Macoun's meadowfoam * '' Lophiola aurea'' — golden crest * ''Phlox speciosa'' subsp. ''occidentalis'' — showy phlox * ''

Polemonium vanbruntiae ''Polemonium vanbruntiae'' is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family (biology), family Polemoniaceae. It is known by the common names Appalachian Jacob's ladder, bog Jacob's-ladder, and Vanbrunt's polemonium. It is native to eastern Can ...

'' — van Brunt's Jacob's-ladder * ''

Polystichum lemmonii ''Polystichum lemmonii'' is a species of fern known by the common names Lemmon's holly fern and Shasta fern. It is native to western North America from the Sierra Nevada of California north to Washington. It is also known from British Columbia, w ...

'' — Lemmon's holly fern * '' Polystichum scopulinum'' — mountain holly fern * ''

Ptelea trifoliata ''Ptelea trifoliata'', commonly known as common hoptree, wafer ash, stinking ash, and skunk bush, is a species of flowering plant in the citrus family (Rutaceae). It is native to North America, where it is found in Canada, Mexico, and the United ...

'' — common hoptree * ''

Sabatia kennedyana ''Sabatia kennedyana'' is a species of flowering plant in the gentian family known by the common name Plymouth rose gentian. It is native to eastern North America. It has a disjunct distribution, occurring in Nova Scotia, Massachusetts, Rhode Isl ...

'' — Plymouth gentian * '' Salix chlorolepis'' — green-scaled willow * '' Sanicula bipinnatifida'' — purple sanicle * '' Sericocarpus rigidus'' — white-top aster * ''

Smilax rotundifolia ''Smilax rotundifolia'', also known as roundleaf greenbrier or common greenbrier, is a woody vine native to the southeastern and eastern United States and eastern Canada. It is a common and conspicuous part of the natural forest ecosystems in m ...

'' (Great Lakes plains population) — round-leaved greenbrier * '' Symphyotrichum anticostense'' — Anticosti aster * '' Symphyotrichum laurentianum'' — Gulf of St. Lawrence aster * '' Symphyotrichum praealtum'' — willowleaf aster * '' Symphyotrichum prenanthoides'' — crooked-stem aster * ''

Symphyotrichum sericeum ''Symphyotrichum sericeum'' (formerly ''Aster sericeus'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae native to central North America. Commonly known as western silver aster, western silvery aster, and silky aster, it is a perenni ...

'' — western silvery aster * ''

Tradescantia occidentalis ''Tradescantia occidentalis'', the prairie spiderwort or western spiderwort, is a plant in the dayflower family, Commelinaceae. It is common and widespread across the western Great Plains of the United States, as well as in Arizona, New Mexico, ...

'' — western spiderwort * ''

Vaccinium stamineum ''Vaccinium stamineum'', commonly known as deerberry, tall deerberry, squaw huckleberry, highbush huckleberry, buckberry, and southern gooseberry, is a species of flowering plant in the heath family.Hill, S. RConservation Assessment for Deerberr ...

'' — deerberry * ''Viola praemorsa'' subsp. ''praemorsa'' — yellow montane violet, ''praemorsa'' subspecies * ''

Yucca glauca ''Yucca glauca'' ( syn. ''Yucca angustifolia'') is a species of perennial evergreen plant, adapted to xeric (dry)growth conditions. It is also known as small soapweed, soapweed yucca, Spanish bayonet, and Great Plains yucca. ''Yucca glauca'' f ...

'' — soapweed

Vascular plants of special concern

* ''Achillea millefolium'' var. ''megacephalum'' — large-headed woolly yarrow * ''Armeria maritima'' subsp. ''interior'' — Athabasca thrift * '' Arnoglossum plantagineum'' — tuberous Indian-plantain * ''Asplenium scolopendrium'' var. ''americanum'' — American hart's-tongue fern * ''Astragalus robbinsii'' var. ''fernaldii'' — Fernald's milk-vetch * ''

Bidens amplissima ''Bidens amplissima'', also known as the Vancouver Island beggarticks, is an annual wetland species in the family Asteraceae which displays a broad range of morphological variation and has a geographic range restricted to southwestern British Col ...

'' — Vancouver Island beggarticks * ''Cicuta maculata'' var. ''victorinii'' — Victorin's water-hemlock * ''

Clethra alnifolia ''Clethra alnifolia'', the coastal sweetpepperbush or summersweet, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Clethra'' of the family Clethraceae, native to eastern North America from southern Nova Scotia and Maine south to northern Florida, ...

'' — sweet pepperbush * '' Deschampsia mackenzieana'' — Mackenzie hairgrass * ''

Dryopteris arguta ''Dryopteris arguta'', with the common name coastal woodfern, is a species of wood fern. It is native to the west coast and western interior mountain ranges of North America, from British Columbia, throughout California, and into Arizona. It gr ...

'' — coastal wood fern * ''

Fraxinus quadrangulata ''Fraxinus quadrangulata'', the blue ash, is a species of ash native primarily to the Midwestern United States from Oklahoma to Michigan, as well as the Bluegrass region of Kentucky and the Nashville Basin region of Tennessee. Isolated populati ...

'' — blue ash * '' Hibiscus moscheutos'' — swamp rose-mallow * ''

Isoetes prototypus ''Isoetes'', commonly known as the quillworts, is the only extant genus of plants in the family Isoetaceae, which is in the class of lycopods. There are currently 192 recognized species, with a cosmopolitan distribution but with the individual sp ...

'' — prototype quillwort * ''

Juncus caesariensis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' — New Jersey rush * '' Lilaeopsis chinensis'' — eastern lilaeopsis * ''

Potamogeton hillii Potamogeton hillii, common name Hill's pondweed, is a species of plant found in North America. It is listed as endangered in Connecticut,Psilocarphus brevissimus'' (prairie population) — dwarf woolly-heads * '' Psilocarphus elatior'' (prairie population) — tall woolly-heads * ''

Rosa setigera ''Rosa setigera'', commonly known as the climbing rose, prairie rose, and climbing wild rose, is a species of shrub or vine in the Rosaceae (rose) family native to central and eastern North America. Description ''R. setigera'' has trailing or ...

'' — climbing prairie rose * ''Salix brachycarpa'' var. ''psammophila'' — sand dune short-capsuled willow * '' Salix silicicola'' — felt-leaf willow * '' Salix turnorii'' — Turnor's willow * '' Solidago houghtonii'' — Houghton's goldenrod * '' Solidago riddellii'' — Riddell's goldenrod * ''Tanacetum huronense'' var. ''floccosum'' — floccose tansy

Mosses

Extirpated mosses

* '' Ptychomitrium incurvum'' — incurved grizzled moss

Endangered mosses

* '' Bartramia stricta'' — rigid apple moss * '' Bryoandersonia illecebra'' — spoon-leaved moss * '' Entosthodon rubiginosus'' — rusty cord-moss * '' Fabronia pusilla'' — silver hair moss * '' Fissidens pauperculus'' — poor pocket moss * '' Scouleria marginata'' — margined streamside moss

Threatened mosses

* '' Bartramia halleriana'' — Haller's apple moss * '' Pterygoneurum kozlovii'' — alkaline wing-nerved moss

Mosses of special concern

* '' Bryoerythrophyllum columbianum'' — Columbian carpet moss * '' Entosthodon fascicularis'' — banded cord-moss * '' Fissidens exilis'' — pygmy pocket moss * '' Syntrichia laevipila'' — twisted oak moss

Lichens

Endangered lichens

* ''

Erioderma pedicellatum ''Erioderma pedicellatum'' is a medium-sized, foliose lichen in the family Pannariaceae, commonly called the boreal felt lichen. It grows on trees in damp boreal forests along the Atlantic coast in Canada, as well as in southcentral Alaska an ...

'' (Atlantic population) — boreal felt lichen * '' Heterodermia sitchensis'' — seaside centipede lichen

Threatened lichens

* '' Leptogium rivulare'' — flooded jellyskin

Lichens of special concern

* ''

'' (boreal population) — boreal felt lichen * '' Nephroma occultum'' — cryptic paw * '' Sclerophora peronella'' (Nova Scotia population) — frosted glass-whiskers

References

{{Reflist 5. Amtyaz Safi, Hashmi MUA and Smith JP. 2020. A review of distribution, threats, conservation and status of freshwater turtles of Ontario, Canada. Journal of Environmental sciences. 2(1) (2020): 36-41.

External links

Species at Risk in Canada Registry

List of Species at Risk in Canada, by category
at Hinterland Who's Who Nature conservation in Canada Wildlife conservation in Canada

Wildlife Wildlife refers to domestication, undomesticated animal species (biology), species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wilderness, wild in an area without being species, introduced by humans. Wildlife was also synonymous ...